by Andrew Rowen | Aug 12, 2025 | New York City
I finish posting about my recent research trips to Spain and the Dominican Republic with photos of monuments commemorating two famous Spaniards who decried conquest tyranny and fought for the rights of Indians in the New World, Bartolomé de Las Casas and Antonio de...
by Andrew Rowen | Jul 9, 2025 | New York City
When Queen Isabella initially decided to remove Columbus as “Española’s” governor, she also began licensing other explorers to possess the continental coastline that Columbus had found on the outward portion of his third voyage. Eight voyages to the northern coast of...
by Andrew Rowen | Jun 7, 2025 | New York City
When Columbus arrived at the Caribbean in 1492, Chief Behecchio ruled Xaraguá, one of “Española’s” five principal chiefdoms. Located in the island’s southwest portion, Xaraguá was then admired for its large population and abundant crops and the civility of its daily...
by Andrew Rowen | May 18, 2025 | New York City
As discussed in the prior post, gold was a key expectation driving Queen Isabella’s conquest of “Española.” That expectation waned and resurged during the period from 1493 to 1502, affecting the desire and willingness of her Spanish ministers, financiers, and subjects...
by Andrew Rowen | Apr 12, 2025 | New York City
A key expectation driving Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand’s conquest of “Española” was that Columbus would find and ship its gold home to them, as he promised repeatedly from 1493 to 1500. In 1499, placer gold was finally discovered in quantity in the watershed of...
